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热解 3

快速充电 2

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ABS 1

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MLE） 1

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Catalytic fast pyrolysis of Kraft lignin with HZSM-5 zeolite for producing aromatic hydrocarbons

Xiangyu LI, Lu SU, Yujue WANG, Yanqing YU, Chengwen WANG, Xiaoliang LI, Zhihua WANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第3期   页码 295-303 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0410-2

摘要： Catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP) of Kraft lignins with HZSM-5 zeolite for producing aromatics was investigated using analytical pyrolysis methods. Two Kraft lignins were fast pyrolyzed in the absence and presence of HZSM-5 in a Curie-point pyrolyzer. Without the catalyst, fast pyrolysis of lignin predominantly produced phenols and guaiacols that were derived from the subunits of lignin. However, the presence of HZSM-5 changed the product distribution dramatically. As the SiO /Al O ratio of HZSM-5 decreased from 200 to 25 and the catalyst-to-lignin ratio increased from 1 to 20, the lignin-derived oxygenates progressively decreased to trace and the aromatics increased substantially. The aromatic yield increased considerably as the pyrolysis temperature increased from 500°C to 650°C, but then decreased with yet further increase of pyrolysis temperature. Under optimal reaction conditions, the aromatic yields were 2.0 wt.% and 5.2 wt.% for the two lignins that had effective hydrogen indexes of 0.08 and 0.35.

关键词： lignin     catalytic fast pyrolysis     HZSM-5     zeolite     aromatic hydrocarbon    

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Catalytic fast pyrolysis of walnut shell for alkylphenols production with nitrogen-doped activated carbon

Shanwei Ma, Hang Li, Guan Zhang, Tahir Iqbal, Kai Li, Qiang Lu

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1317-y

摘要： Abstract • N-doped activated carbon was prepared for catalytic pyrolysis of walnut shell. • Alkylphenols were selectively produced from catalytic pyrolysis process. • The alkylphenols yield increased by 8.5 times under the optimal conditions. • Formation mechanism of alkylphenols was proposed. Alkylphenols are a group of valuable phenolic compounds that can be derived from lignocellulosic biomass. In this study, three activated carbons (ACs) were prepared for catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP) of walnut shell to produce alkylphenols, including nitrogen-doped walnut shell-derived activated carbon (N/WSAC), nitrogen-doped rice husk-derived activated carbon (N/RHAC) and walnut shell-derived activated carbon (WSAC). Pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) experiments were carried out to reveal the influences of AC type, pyrolytic temperature, and AC-to-walnut shell (AC-to-WS) ratio on the product distributions. Results showed that with nitrogen doping, the N/WSAC possessed stronger capability than WSAC toward the alkylphenols production, and moreover, the N/WSAC also exhibited better effects than N/RHAC to prepare alkylphenols. Under the catalysis of N/WSAC, yields of alkylphenols were significantly increased, especially phenol, cresol and 4-ethylphenol. As the increase of pyrolytic temperature, the alkylphenols yield first increased and then decreased, while high selectivity could be obtained at low pyrolytic temperatures. Such a trend was also observed as the AC-to-WS ratio continuously increased. The alkylphenols production achieved a maximal yield of 44.19 mg/g with the corresponding selectivity of 34.7% at the pyrolytic temperature of 400°C and AC-to-WS ratio of 3, compared with those of only 4.67 mg/g and 6.1% without catalyst. In addition, the possible formation mechanism of alkylphenols was also proposed with the catalysis of N/WSAC.

关键词： Pyrolysis     Walnut shell     Alkylphenols     Nitrogen-doped activated carbon    

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Fast and catalytic pyrolysis of xylan: Effects of temperature and M/HZSM-5 (M= Fe, Zn) catalysts on pyrolytic

Xifeng ZHU, Qiang LU, Wenzhi LI, Dong ZHANG,

《能源前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第3期   页码 424-429 doi: 10.1007/s11708-010-0015-z

摘要： Pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) was employed to achieve fast pyrolysis of xylan and on-line analysis of pyrolysis vapors. Tests were conducted to investigate the effects of temperature on pyrolytic products, and to reveal the effect of HZSM-5 and M/HZSM-5 (M= Fe, Zn) zeolites on pyrolysis vapors. The results showed that the total yield of pyrolytic products first increased and then decreased with the increase of temperature from 350°C to 900°C. The pyrolytic products were complex, and the most abundant products included hydroxyacetaldehyde, acetic acid, 1-hydroxy-2-propanone, 1-hydroxy-2-butanone and furfural. Catalytic cracking of pyrolysis vapors with HZSM-5 and M/HZSM-5 (M= Fe, Zn) catalysts significantly altered the product distribution. Oxygen-containing compounds were reduced considerably, and meanwhile, a lot of hydrocarbons, mainly toluene and xylenes, were formed. M/HZSM-5 catalysts were more effective than HZSM-5 in reducing the oxygen-containing compounds, and therefore, they helped to produce higher contents of hydrocarbons than HZSM-5.

关键词： xylan     fast pyrolysis     catalytic pyrolysis     Py-GC/MS     HZSM-5    

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A review on

Shaolong WAN,Yong WANG

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第3期   页码 280-294 doi: 10.1007/s11705-014-1436-8

摘要： Catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP) is deemed as the most promising way to convert biomass to transportation fuels or value added chemicals. Most works in literature so far have focused on the CFP where the catalysts are packed or co-fed with the feedstock in the pyrolysis reactor. However, the CFP with catalysts separated from the pyrolyzer has attracted more and more attentions due to its unique advantages of individually optimizing the pyrolysis conditions and catalyst performances. This review compares the differences between the and CFP operation, and summarizes the development and progress of CFP applications, including the rationale and performances of different catalysts, and the choices of suitable reactor systems. Due to the complex composition of bio-oil, no single approach was believed to be able to solve the problems completely among all those existing technologies. With the increased understanding of catalyst performances and reaction process, the recent trend toward an integration of biomass or bio-oil fractionation with subsequent thermo/bio-chemical conversion routes is also discussed.

关键词： catalytic fast pyrolysis     ex situ     catalysts    

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生物质快速热解液化技术

姚福生,易维明,柏雪源,何芳,李永军

《中国工程科学》 2001年 第3卷 第4期   页码 63-67

摘要：

介绍了一种等离子体加热生物质快速热解的方法，将生物质中的长分子链击碎，变成短分子结构而液化。选择玉米秸秆为快速热解对象，大量研究工作证明这种热解方法比较有效。在合理的颗粒度、供料量、热解温度和速度、终止冷却温度的情况下，玉米秸秆液化的收率达到50%左右。一种新型工业化的装置己根据实验结果研制成功。

关键词： 生物质能     热解     液化技术     等离子体    

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Research on combustion characteristics of bio-oil from sewage sludge

Rui LI, Baosheng JIN, Xiangru JIA, Zhaoping ZHONG, Gang XIAO, Xufeng FU

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2009年 第3卷 第2期   页码 161-166 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0057-0

摘要： Combustion characteristics of bio-oil from sewage sludge were investigated using thermogravimetry (TG) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) techniques. The combustion process could be divided into two weight loss stages. Light compounds volatilized and were oxidized in the first stage and the heterogeneous combustion between oxygen and heavy compounds happened in the second stage, which were confirmed by FT-IR technique. Most weight loss occurred in the first stage. The effect of heating rate was also studied and higher heating rates were found to facilitate the combustion process. The kinetic parameters of the two stages were calculated and the change of activation energy indicated higher heating rates benefited combustion.

关键词： bio-oil from sewage sludge     fast pyrolysis     combustion characteristics     TG-FT-IR     kinetic    

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Thermodynamic analysis of reaction pathways and equilibrium yields for catalytic pyrolysis of naphtha

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第12期   页码 1700-1712 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2207-6

摘要： The chain length and hydrocarbon type significantly affect the production of light olefins during the catalytic pyrolysis of naphtha. Herein, for a better catalyst design and operation parameters optimization, the reaction pathways and equilibrium yields for the catalytic pyrolysis of C5–8 n/iso/cyclo-paraffins were analyzed thermodynamically. The results revealed that the thermodynamically favorable reaction pathways for n/iso-paraffins and cyclo-paraffins were the protolytic and hydrogen transfer cracking pathways, respectively. However, the formation of light paraffin severely limits the maximum selectivity toward light olefins. The dehydrogenation cracking pathway of n/iso-paraffins and the protolytic cracking pathway of cyclo-paraffins demonstrated significantly improved selectivity for light olefins. The results are thus useful as a direction for future catalyst improvements, facilitating superior reaction pathways to enhance light olefins. In addition, the equilibrium yield of light olefins increased with increasing the chain length, and the introduction of cyclo-paraffin inhibits the formation of light olefins. High temperatures and low pressures favor the formation of ethylene, and moderate temperatures and low pressures favor the formation of propylene. n-Hexane and cyclohexane mixtures gave maximum ethylene and propylene yield of approximately 49.90% and 55.77%, respectively. This work provides theoretical guidance for the development of superior catalysts and the selection of proper operation parameters for the catalytic pyrolysis of C5–8 n/iso/cyclo-paraffins from a thermodynamic point of view.

关键词： naphtha     catalytic pyrolysis     reaction pathway     equilibrium yield    

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Self-catalytic pyrolysis thermodynamics of waste printed circuit boards with co-existing metals

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第11期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-022-1581-0

摘要：

● The co-existing metals in WPCBs has positive catalytic influence in pyrolysis.

关键词： Waste printed circuit board     Catalyst     Pyrolysis     Kinetics    

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Co-pyrolysis of sludge and kaolin/zeolite in a rotary kiln: Analysis of stabilizing heavy metals

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第7期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1488-1

摘要：

• Adding kaolin/zeolite promotes the formation of stable heavy metals.

关键词： Co-pyrolysis     Sewage sludge     Heavy metals     Rotary kiln     Immobilization mechanism    

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Theoretical study on the mechanism of sulfur migration to gas in the pyrolysis of benzothiophene

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第3期   页码 334-346 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2209-4

摘要： The release and control of sulfur species in the pyrolysis of fossil fuels and solid wastes have attracted attention worldwide. Particularly, thiophene derivatives are important intermediates for the sulfur gas release from organic sulfur, but the underlying migration mechanisms remain unclear. Herein, the mechanism of sulfur migration during the release of sulfur-containing radicals in benzothiophene pyrolysis was explored through quantum chemistry modeling. The C1-to-C2 H-transfer has the lowest energy barrier of 269.9 kJ·mol–1 and the highest rate constant at low temperatures, while the elevated temperature is beneficial for C−S bond homolysis. 2-Ethynylbenzenethiol is the key intermediate for the formation of S and SH radicals with the overall energy barriers of 408.0 and 498.7 kJ·mol–1 in favorable pathways. The generation of CS radicals is relatively difficult because of the high energy barrier (551.8 kJ·mol–1). However, it can be significantly promoted by high temperatures, where the rate constant exceeds that for S radical generation above 930 °C. Consequently, the strong competitiveness of S and SH radicals results in abundant H2S during benzothiophene pyrolysis, and the high temperature is more beneficial for CS2 generation from CS radicals. This study lays a foundation for elucidating sulfur migration mechanisms and furthering the development of pyrolysis techniques.

关键词： benzothiophene     sulfur migration     pyrolysis     density functional theory    

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Effect of / molecular structures on pyrolysis performance and heat sink of decalin isomers

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第18卷 第1期 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2375-z

摘要： Decalin is considered as an important compound of high-energy-density endothermic fuel, which is an ideal on-board coolant for thermal management of advanced aircraft. However, decalin contains two isomers with a tunable composition, and their effects on the pyrolysis performance, such as the heat sink and coking tendency have not been demonstrated. Herein, we investigated the pyrolysis of decalin isomers, i.e., cis-decalin, trans-decalin and their mixtures (denoted as mix-decalin), in order to clarify the effects of the cis-/trans-structures on the pyrolysis performance of decalin fuels. The pyrolysis results confirmed that conversion of the tested fuels (600–725 °C, 4 MPa) decreased in the order cis-decalin > mix-decalin > trans-decalin. Detailed analyses of the pyrolysis products were used to compare the product distributions from cis-decalin, mix-decalin and trans-decalin, and the yields of some typical components (such as cyclohexene, 1-methylcyclohexene, benzene and toluene) showed significant differences, which could be ascribed to deeper cracking of cis-decalin. Additionally, the heat sinks and coking tendencies of the decalins decreased in the order cis-decalin > mix-decalin > trans-decalin. This work demonstrates the relationship between the cis/trans structures and the pyrolysis performance of decalin, which provides a better understanding of the structure-activity relationships of endothermic hydrocarbon fuels.

关键词： endothermic fuel     decalin     pyrolysis     heat sink     molecular structure    

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Preliminary design of an SCO conversion system applied to the sodium cooled fast reactor

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第4期   页码 832-841 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0777-5

摘要： The supercritical carbon dioxide (SCO2) Brayton cycle has become an ideal power conversion system for sodium-cooled fast reactors (SFR) due to its high efficiency, compactness, and avoidance of sodium-water reaction. In this paper, the 1200 MWe large pool SFR (CFR1200) is used as the heat source of the system, and the sodium circuit temperature and the heat load are the operating boundaries of the cycle system. The performance of different SCO2 Brayton cycle systems and changes in key equipment performance are compared. The study indicates that the inter-stage cooling and recompression cycle has the best match with the heat source characte-ristics of the SFR, and the cycle efficiency is the highest (40.7%). Then, based on the developed system transient analysis program (FR-Sdaso), a pool-type SFR power plant system analysis model based on the inter-stage cooling and recompression cycle is established. In addition, the matching between the inter-stage cooling recompression cycle and the SFR during the load cycle of the power plant is studied. The analysis shows that when the nuclear island adopts the flow-advanced operation strategy and the carbon dioxide flowrate in the SCO2 power conversion system is adjusted with the goal of maintaining the sodium-carbon dioxide heat exchanger sodium side outlet temperature unchanged, the inter-stage cooling recompression cycle can match the operation of the SFR very well.

关键词： sodium-cooled fast reactor (SFR)     supercritical carbon dioxide (SCO2)     brayton cycle     load cycle    

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Mechanism insight into the formation of HS from thiophene pyrolysis: A theoretical study

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1404-8

摘要：

• Possible formation pathways of H2S were revealed in thiophene pyrolysis.

关键词： Density functional theory     Waste rubber     Thiophene     H2S     Pyrolysis    

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Co-pyrolysis of oil sludge with hydrogen-rich plastics in a vertical stirring reactor: Kinetic analysis

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第10期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-022-1570-3

摘要：

● Collaborative treatment of plastics and OS was established to improve oil quality.

关键词： Oily sludge     Pyrolysis     Polyethylene     H/Ceff ratio     Oil quality    

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Upgrading of derived pyrolysis vapors for the production of biofuels from corncobs

Liaoyuan Mao, Yanxin Li, Z. Conrad Zhang

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第1期   页码 50-58 doi: 10.1007/s11705-017-1685-4

摘要： A bubbling fluidized bed pyrolyzer was integrated with an honeycomb as a catalytic upgrading zone for the conversion of biomass to liquid fuels. In the upgrading zone, zeolite coated ceramic honeycomb (ZCCH) catalysts consisting of ZSM-5 (Si/Al=25) were stacked and N or recycled non-condensable gas was used as a carrier gas. Ground corncob particles were fast pyrolyzed in the bubbling bed using fine sand particles as a heat carrier and the resulting pyrolysis vapors were passed on-line over the catalytic upgrading zone. The influence of carrier gas, temperature, and weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) of catalyst on the oil product properties, distribution and mass balance were studied. Using ZCCH effectively increased the hydrocarbon yield and the heating value of the dry oil, especially in the presence of the recycled noncondensable gas. Even a low usage of zeolite catalyst at WSHV of 180 h was effective in upgrading the pyrolysis oil and other light olefins. The highest hydrocarbon (≥C2) and liquid aromatics yields reached to 14.23 and 4.17 wt-%, respectively. The undesirable products including light oxygenates, furans dramatically decreased in the presence of the ZCCH catalyst.

关键词： corncob     monolith     upgrading     pyrolysis    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Catalytic fast pyrolysis of Kraft lignin with HZSM-5 zeolite for producing aromatic hydrocarbons

Xiangyu LI, Lu SU, Yujue WANG, Yanqing YU, Chengwen WANG, Xiaoliang LI, Zhihua WANG

期刊论文

Catalytic fast pyrolysis of walnut shell for alkylphenols production with nitrogen-doped activated carbon

Shanwei Ma, Hang Li, Guan Zhang, Tahir Iqbal, Kai Li, Qiang Lu

期刊论文

Fast and catalytic pyrolysis of xylan: Effects of temperature and M/HZSM-5 (M= Fe, Zn) catalysts on pyrolytic

Xifeng ZHU, Qiang LU, Wenzhi LI, Dong ZHANG,

期刊论文

A review on

Shaolong WAN,Yong WANG

期刊论文

生物质快速热解液化技术

姚福生,易维明,柏雪源,何芳,李永军

期刊论文

Research on combustion characteristics of bio-oil from sewage sludge

Rui LI, Baosheng JIN, Xiangru JIA, Zhaoping ZHONG, Gang XIAO, Xufeng FU

期刊论文

Thermodynamic analysis of reaction pathways and equilibrium yields for catalytic pyrolysis of naphtha

期刊论文

Self-catalytic pyrolysis thermodynamics of waste printed circuit boards with co-existing metals

期刊论文

Co-pyrolysis of sludge and kaolin/zeolite in a rotary kiln: Analysis of stabilizing heavy metals

期刊论文

Theoretical study on the mechanism of sulfur migration to gas in the pyrolysis of benzothiophene

期刊论文

Effect of / molecular structures on pyrolysis performance and heat sink of decalin isomers

期刊论文

Preliminary design of an SCO conversion system applied to the sodium cooled fast reactor

期刊论文

Mechanism insight into the formation of HS from thiophene pyrolysis: A theoretical study

期刊论文

Co-pyrolysis of oil sludge with hydrogen-rich plastics in a vertical stirring reactor: Kinetic analysis

期刊论文

Upgrading of derived pyrolysis vapors for the production of biofuels from corncobs

Liaoyuan Mao, Yanxin Li, Z. Conrad Zhang

期刊论文